Ms. Manal Fouad, an Egyptian national, is currently chief of the Public Financial Management (PFM) II division at the Fiscal Affairs Department (FAD) of the International Monetary Fund. She oversees the PFM capacity development program for the Francophone and Lusophone Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and the Western Hemisphere regions. Prior to that, she has held various positions in FAD and the IMF Institute for Capacity Development and has covered the Middle East and Eastern European countries where she provided fiscal policy advice to governments and capacity building in macrofiscal areas and fiscal transparency. She holds a PhD from the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva.